PFM Articles 
Introduction
JOHN F. SACCO, ODD STALEBRINK and PAUL POSNER
PFM, Vol. 11 No. 2,
(2011)
This symposium includes several articles on flexible budgeting. Flexible budgeting pertains to financial decisions made in the face of constraints and opportunities. It is the opportunity side that opens the door to flexibility. Opportunities for finding revenue and pursuing service delivery can be sought in good and bad times. It is the opportunism in good times that aids budgeting in times of fiscal stress. Each of the articles explores the constraints and opportunities, some at a theoretical level, some for specific budgeting problems and some for specialized policy areas. Approaches to dealing with constraints include revenue diversification, slack resources, openings in laws and attention to social economic conditions.
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