Articles
Vol. 18, No. 1
Symposium on Fiscal Stress, Budget Choices and Cutback Management
Introduction
by UDAY DESAI
Loss Aversion and Strategic Choices in Cutting Budgets
by CAROLYN BOURDEAUX
The Relationship between Fiscal Stress and Patterns of State Budgeting Strategies Used in Cutback Management in the Last Two U.S. Recessions
by KENNETH A. KLASE
Responses to Recession Era Fiscal Stress: Local Government Strategies in New Mexico
by UDAY DESAI
The Effects of Tax and Expenditure Limitations (TELs) on Municipal Fiscal Outcomes During a Period of Fiscal Distress
by JI-HYUNG PARK, SUNGHO PARK, and CRAIG S. MAHER
Local Government Responses to the 2008 U.S. Fiscal Crisis: Strategic, Merely Predictable, or Lifted from the Garbage Can?
by JONATHAN B. JUSTICE? and KAIFENG YANG?
Vol. 17, No. 4
Why do per-household expenditures differ between municipalities?
by JOSEPH KUSHNER and TOMSON OGWANG
Increasing transparency through compliance: revisiting local government audit findings
by STEVE MODLIN
Public health financing and infant mortality: does governance quality matter?
by ABDALLA SIRAG, NORASHIDAH MOHAMED NOR, NIK MUSTAPHA RAJA ABDULLAH and JUDHIANA ABD GHANI
How Much Are Citizen Perceptions of Fiscal Accountability Influenced by Government Transparency, Information Access, and Participation Opportunities?
by JUITA-ELENA (WIE) YUSUF, MEAGAN M. JORDAN, AIMEE L. FRANKLIN and CAROL EBDON
External referees 2017
by M. PETER VAN DER HOEK
Vol. 17, No. 3
The Use of Consumption Taxation in Response to the Great Recession
Introduction to the Symposium
by RAYMOND G. BATINA
Overselling the Economic Efficiency Gains from Shifting the Tax Mix Towards Consumption Taxes
by PETER SPIRO
Measuring The Burden of Indirect Taxation Including Consumption Tax in Japan by Income Group
by YOSHIMI ADACHI, TOSHIYUKI UEMURA, and YURIE SAITOH
An Exploration of the Great Recesssion’s Impact on States’ Reliance on User Fees
by GEOFFREY PROPHETER, HELISSE LEVINE and MARC FUDGE
Evolution of Excise Taxation in the USA Since the Great Recession
by BORIS MOROZOV
Vol. 17, No. 2
Consumers’ behavioral response to sales taxes on food in Kansas
by ARWIPHAWEE SRITHONGRUNG
The political cost of local revenue mobilization: decentralization of the property tax in Indonesia
by CHRISTIAN VON HALDENWANG
The macroeconomic impact of delayed government payments: a case study
by MAR DELGADO-TÉLLEZ, PABLO HERNÁNDEZ DE COS, SAMUEL HURTADO and JAVIER J. PÉREZ
A procedure for the ex-ante assessment of compulsory municipal amalgamation poli-cies
by DINO RIZZI and MICHELE ZANETTE
Vol. 17, No. 1
A Dynamic Approach to Managing Corruption: Exploring the Optimal Path of Over-Sight
by JASON K. HANSEN and ROBERT M. MCNAB
Is Federal Academic Research and Development Subsidy a Complement or Substitute for State Funding?
by YONGHONG WU and DAVID MERRIMAN
Measuring the Flypaper Effect: The Interaction between Lump-Sum Aid and the Substitution Effect of Matching Aid
by JAY E. RYU
Budgeting by Priorities: Balancing Stability with Economic Responsiveness
by MEAGAN M. JORDAN, JUITA-ELENA (WIE) YUSUF and SOMAYEH HOOSHMAND
Vol. 16, No. 4
Rural-urban migrants’ citizenization: public services cost measurement and economic impact analysis
by WANG YING and HU HAISHENG
Corruption, regime type, and economic growth
by ILAN ALON, SHAOMIN LI AND JUN WU
Merger myths: a functional analysis of scale economies in New South Wales local government
by GLENN FAHEY, JOSEPH DREW AND BRIAN DOLLERY
The effects of double tax treaties for developing countries. A case study of Austria’s double tax treaty network
by JULIA BRAUN AND DANIEL FUENTES
Financial planning as an antecedent of fiscal transparency in local government: the mediating effect of civic participation
by PAUL ONYANGO-DELEWA
External referees 2016
by M. PETER VAN DER HOEK
Vol. 16, No. 3
The Influence of Research & Development Policy on Business-Sector Performance: The Baltic States in the EU
by JANNO REILJAN, INGRA PALTSER AND TARMO PUOLOKAINEN
Sub-Provincial Fiscal Conditions in China: Local Fiscal Autonomy and Inter-Jurisdictional Disparities
by PING ZHANG AND QIANG REN
Fiscal Federalism in Transition Countries: The Three Baltic States Compared
by NICO GROENENDIJK AND ANNIKA JAANSOO
Central Falls' Bankruptcy and the Principle of Shared Pain
by JAMES L. TATUM III
Book review of "Is Your City Healthy? Measuring Urban Fiscal Health"
by PETER B. BOORSMA
Vol. 16, No. 2
Symposium on Public Pensions
Introduction to the Symposium
by NANCY MOHAN and TING ZHANG
What factors affect the underfunding of local pensions? Evidence from Indiana
by DAGNEY FAULK, MICHAEL HICKS and LARITA KILLIAN
The Effects of Tax and Expenditure Limits on Municipal Pension and OPEB Funding during the Great Recession
by CRAIG S. MAHER, SUNGHO PARK and JAMES HARROLD
The impact of late-term pay raises on teacher pension obligations in three states: California, Illinois, New Jersey
by MARGUERITE ROZA and JESSICA JONOVSKI
Reforming Canada?s retirement savings system ? solutions for a non-existent problem?
by VIJAY JOG and IAN LEE
Book review of Palgrave ?Dictionary of Emerging Markets and Transition Economies
by ALAIN DE CROMBRUGGHE
Vol. 16, No. 1
Symposium on the Reform of Public Finance Management in China part 2
Introduction
by RONG LIU, BAOYUN QIAO and ANWAR SHAH
Government Expenditures and Equity of Opportunity in China
by SHEN GUO, HEBO HU, LEZHENG LIU and XUNDONG YIN
Does the Province-Managing-County Reform Promote the Growth of County Finance and Local Economy in China? An Empirical Case Study on Henan Province
by LINA LI, NANNAN LIU and XIAOPING ZHENG
Fiscal Policies for Coordinated Urban-Rural Development and their Policy Relevance for the People's Republic of China
by ANWAR SHAH
Single article: Selective enforcement and Rent Extraction
by ALEXANDER CARTWRIGHT
Vol. 15, No. 4
The Reform of Public Finance Management in China
Introduction
by RONG LIU, BAOYUN QIAO and ANWAR SHAH
Frozen in Time: The Much Needed Reform of Expenditures Assignments in China
by YONGZHENG LIU, JORGE MARTINEZ-VAZQUEZ and BAOYUN QIAO
Taxing Choices for Economic Growth with Social Justice and Environmental Protection in the People's Republic of China
by ANWAR SHAH
Local Government Debt in China
by BHAJAN GREWAL, ENJIANG CHENG and BRUCE RASMUSSEN
Single Article: Economic Orthodoxy v Market Pragmatism: A Case Study of Europe?s ?Abandonment? of Defense Offset
by RON MATTHEWS and IRFAN ANSARI
External Referees 2015
by PETER VAN DER HOEK
Vol. 15, No. 3
Shifting away from democracy -- Hungary’s U-turn
by JÁNOS KORNAI
Debt burden and perceived sovereign de-fault risk: evidence from credit default swaps
by KENNETH A. KRIZ, QIUSHI WANG and SIKARN ISSARACHAIYOS
SYMPOSIUM ON THE PUBLIC FINANCE AFTER THE CRISIS: EUROPE. Introduction to the symposium
by PETER CLAEYS and CHANG WOON NAM
SYMPOSIUM ON THE PUBLIC FINANCE AFTER THE CRISIS: EUROPE. Implications of the new public debt rule in the ‘fiscal compact’ for the Economic and Monetary Union
by SÉVERINE MENGUY
SYMPOSIUM ON THE PUBLIC FINANCE AFTER THE CRISIS: EUROPE. Public finance systems for coping with the crises: lessons from the three Baltic States
by NICO GROENENDIJK and ANNIKA JAANSOO
Vol. 15, No. 2
Determinants of debt burdens: evidence from California counties
by JANEY QIAN WANG and KENNETH A. KRIZ
Indonesia’s fiscal decentralization and its effect on provincial public finances
by JAN SEIFERT and HUI LI
Complex benchmarking and efficiency measurement of public agencies: the case of Estonian rescue service brigades
by JANNO REILJAN, TARMO PUOLOKAINEN and AIVO ÜLPER
Debt centralization and soft budget constraint
by ZHIYONG AN and ZHIWEI CHONG
Book review of PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND ITS EMERGING ARCHI-TECTURE
by KATHERINE G. WILLOUGHBY
Vol. 15, No. 1
Breaking up is hard to do: the costs of de-amalgamation of the Delatite Shire Council
by JOSEPH DREW and BRIAN DOLLERY
The impact of demand factors on the supply of local public services in Estonian municipalities
by JANNO REILJAN, AIVO ÜLPER and TARMO PUOLOKAINEN
Estimating the elasticity of personal income tax to gross earnings from income tax statements in Greece: implications for tax buoyancy
by ATHANASIOS O. TAGKALAKIS
Post-disaster local infrastructure reconstruction finance: a comparative analysis of policy intervention in the Japanese earthquake and Queensland flood disasters
by SIMONE V. DE SOUZA, YUKIO KINOSHITA and BRIAN DOLLERY
Book review of THE APPRENTICE ECONOMIST: SEVEN STEPS TO MASTERY
by RUDOLPH G. PENNER
Vol. 14, No. 4
Symposium on Fiscal Disparity and Equalization
Introduction
by YONGHONG WU and BO ZHAO
Falling Short: Intergovernmental Transfers in China
by YONGZHENG LIU, JORGE MARTINEZ-VAZQUEZ and BAOYUN QIAO
Rich Districts, Poor Districts: The Property Tax Equity Impact of Arkansas School Finance Equalization
by MEAGAN M. JORDAN, DAVID CHAPMAN and SHARON L. WROBEL
Spatial Decomposition of Funding Inequality in China’s Basic Education: A Four-Level Theil Index Analysis
by WEN WANG and ZHIRONG ZHAO
Decomposing inequality in compulsory education finance in China: 1998-2008
by WEN WANG
Government layers and fiscal transfers—a quasi-experiment of fiscal reform in China
by HAI (DAVID) GUO
Announcement: External Referees 2014
by M. PETER VAN DER HOEK
Vol. 14, No. 3
Public Finance After the Crisis: U.S.A
Introduction: Challenges of Intergovernmental Management
by JASON S. SELIGMAN
Detroit property tax delinquency: Social contract in crisis
by JAMES ALM, TIMOTHY R. HODGE, GARY SANDS and MARK SKIDMORE
Blind, broke, and bedlam: Differentiating fiscal stress from bankruptcy in California
by AKHEIL SINGLA, JAMES COMEAUX and CHARLOTTE L. KIRSCHNER
Involuntary retirement, U.S. social security program participation and the Great Recession
by JASON S. SELIGMAN
Single Article: Collecting and disbursing: Increasing cash management efficiency through the utilization of bank services
by STEVE MODLIN
Vol. 14, No. 2
Symposium on Developing a Property Tax Expenditure Budget
Introduction
by MICHAEL E. BELL and DAVID BRUNORI
A note on the distributional consequences of use value assessments
by DANIEL COOGAN, MICHAEL E. BELL and DAVID BRUNORI
Consequences of assessment limits
by KATRINA D. CONNOLLY and MICHAEL E. BELL
Preferential assessment for open space
by JEFFREY O. SUNDBERG
Property tax abatement as tax expenditure?
by ROBERT W. WASSMER
Property tax expenditures: classified property tax systems
by TERRI A. SEXTON
Income based property tax relief: circuit breaker expenditures
by JOHN E. ANDERSON
Vol. 14, No. 1
Symposium on Bankruptcy in Local Governments
Introduction: Through The Complexity of Bankruptcy in Local Governments
by ERIC SCORSONE and EMANUELE PADOVANI
The Financial Crisis in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
by JANE BECKETT-CAMARATA and CLEOPATRA GRIZZLE
Default Without Capital Account: The Economics of Municipal Bankruptcy
by LOTTA MOBERG and RICHARD E. WAGNER
Does Bankruptcy Really Matter? The Solvency of Municipal Governments in the Chicago Metropolitan Region
by REBECCA HENDRICK and ANDREW CROSBY
Bankruptcy: The Divergent Cases of the City and the County of San Bernardino
by RICHARD F. CALLAHAN and MARK PISANO
Book review of The Public Budgeting and Finance Primer: Key Concepts in Fiscal Choice
by RICHARD E. WAGNER
Vol. 13, No. 4
Taxation and Development: What Have We Learned from Fifty Years of Research?
by RICHARD M. BIRD
Analyzing electoral timing and outcomes through Georgia’s special purpose local option sales taxes
by COURTNEY A. COLLINS and JOHN A. DOVE
Property tax stability: a tax system model of base and revenue dynamics through the great recession and beyond
by JOHN L. MIKESELL and CHEOL LIU
Performance-based budgeting (PBB), allocative efficiency, and budget changes: the case of the U. S. department of commerce
by JAY EUNGHA RYU
An evaluation of the connection between economic volatility and governmental savings levels for Illinois, North Carolina, and Mississippi counties
by LASHONDA M. STEWART, JEREMY N. PHILLIPS and STEVE MODLIN
Announcement: External Referees 2013
by M. PETER VAN DER HOEK
Vol. 13, No. 3
SYMPOSIUM ON AMALGAMATION AND FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT: PART 2
Introduction
by BRIAN DOLLERY and BLIGH GRANT
The impact of municipal mergers on local public expenditures in Finland
by ANTTI MOISIO and ROOPE UUSITALO
The impact of amalgamation on the financial sustainability of municipalities in Estonia
by JANNO REILJAN, ANNIKA JAANSOO and AIVO ÜLPER
Local government reform: is it effective on debt burdens?
by JI-HYUNG PARK
An evaluation of amalgamation and financial viability in Australian local government
by BRIAN DOLLERY, BLIGH GRANT, and MICHAEL KORTT
Amalgamation in New Zealand: an unfinished story?
by MIKE REID
Vol. 13, No. 2
SYMPOSIUM ON AMALGAMATION AND FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT: PART 1
Introduction
by BRIAN DOLLERY and BLIGH GRANT
Cost shocks and their relationship to the creation, consolidation and dissolution of US local governments
by CHRISTOPHER B. GOODMAN and SUZANNE M. LELAND
How does local government amalgamation affect spending? Evidence from Louisville, Kentucky
by DAGNEY FAULK, PAMELA SCHAAL and CHARLES D. TAYLOR
Does municipal amalgamation strengthen the financial viability of local government? A Canadian example
by ENID SLACK and RICHARD BIRD
Local government amalgamation and financial sustainability: the case of England and Wales
by RHYS ANDREWS
Vol. 13, No. 1
The Restrictiveness Of State Tax And Expenditure Limitations And State Debt
by STEVEN DELLER, CRAIG MAHER, LINDSAY AMIEL, and JUDITH I. STALLMANN
A Social Constructionist Perspective On The Diffusion Of Innovative Fiscal Responsibility Legislation
by JOE WALLIS and SHAUN GOLDFINCH
Vol. 12, No. 4
Property Tax Delinquency and the Number of Payment Installments
by PAUL WALDHART and ANDREW RESCHOVSKY
How to Ensure Fiscal Sustainability in National and Sub-National Governments
by ANDREW HUGHES HALLETT and SVEND E. HOUGAARD JENSEN
Fiscal Sustainability in India at State Level
by ANTHONY J. MAKIN and RASHMI ARORA
The Economics of Taxing Net Wealth: A Survey of the Issues
by JAN SCHNELLENBACH
Announcement: External Referees 2012
by M. PETER VAN DER HOEK
Vol. 12, No. 3
Symposium on Democracy and Public Finance
Introduction
by RICHARD E. WAGNER
Understanding Issues Related to Polycentric Governance in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region
by ABHAY PETHE, VAIDEHI TANDEL, and SAHIL GANDHI
NGOs Holding Governments Accountable: Civil-Society Budget Work
by JONATHAN B. JUSTICE and FRATERN J. TARIMO
Loss Aversion and Rationality in Cutback Management: A Deliberative Democratic Approach to Contingent Valuation
by WILLIAM MOORE, WALTER F. BABER, and ROBERT V. BARTLETT
Procyclical State Spending in the USA: The Impact of Political Ideology
by ANDREW ABBOTT and PHILIP JONES
Public Finance and the Extent of the Voting Franchise: A Survey of Historical Cases and New Evidence from Early U.S. States
by JEREMY HORPEDAHL
Democracy and the Theory of Public Finance: A Polycentric, Invisible-Hand Framework
by RICHARD E. WAGNER
Vol. 12, No. 2
Cash Management Practices Among Southeastern County Governments: Proper Utilization or Excessive Caution
by STEVE MODLIN and LA SHONDA M. STEWART
Oil Revenues, Government Spending Policy, and Growth
by AMANY A. EL ANSHASY
Local Government Property Tax Amnesty Programs: Structures and Themes
by JUSTIN M. ROSS
Book Review
by THOMAS SLUSHER
Vol. 12, No. 1
Symposium on Local Taxation
GARY A. WAGNER
by Introduction
The Institutional Framework for Shared Consumption: Deemphasizing Taxation in the Theory of Public Finance
by RICHARD E. WAGNER
Nonprofit Exemptions and Homeowner Property Tax Burden
by THAD CALABRESE and DEBORAH A. CARROLL
Political Economy of Taxing Services in the United States
by SONJA ENGELI PIPPIN and MEHMET SERKAN TOSUN
Fiscal Decentralization, Corruption, and the Shadow Economy
by MICHAEL ALEXEEV and LUBA HABODASZOVA
Vol. 11, No. 4
An Examination of Government Internal Audits’ Role in Improving Financial Performance
by STEPHEN K. AIKINS
Tax Policy Design and the Role of a Tax-Free Threshold
by JOHN CREEDY, NICOLAS HÉRAULT and GUYONNE KALB
Leadership Avoidance by Central Budget Agencies: A Social Constructivist Comparison of the Irish Department of Finance and the New Zealand Treasury
by JOE WALLIS
Book Review of: David Wastell, Managers as Designers in the Public Services: Beyond Technomagic
by NAOMI CAIDEN
Announcement: External Referees 2011
by M. PETER VAN DER HOEK
Vol. 11, No. 3
Symposium on China Studies
Introduction
by JOHN R. BARTLE, YONGHONG WU and ZHIRONG JERRY ZHAO
Does Fiscal Decentralization Improve Healthcare Outcomes? Empirical Evidence from China
by YINGHUA Jin and RUI SUN
The Rationalization of Public Budgeting in China: A Reflection on Participatory Budgeting in Wuxi
by YAN WU and WEN WANG
Funding China’s Urban Infrastructure: Revenue Structure and Financing Approaches
by ZHIRONG JERRY ZHAO and CHENGXIN CAO
Vol. 11, No. 2
Symposium on Flexible Budgeting
Introduction
by JOHN F. SACCO, ODD STALEBRINK and PAUL POSNER
Variability and Opportunities in Flexible Budgeting: A Local Government Approach
by JULIA BECKETT and FRANCOIS K. DOAMEKPOR
Flexible Budgeting in the Public Sector: The Impact of Disasters, Terrorist Attacks and Wars on Government Expenditures
by SANG OK CHOI and ANDREW F. COFFEY
Revenue Diversification and the Financing of Large American Central Cities
by HOWARD CHERNICK, ADAM LANGLEY and ANDREW RESCHOVSKY
Responses to Local Fiscal Shocks: Path Dependency Effects of the Clean Air Act
by DOUGLAS A. CARR
The Impact of Local School Property Tax Reductions on City and County Revenue Decisions: A Natural Experiment in Kansas
by JOCELYN M. JOHNSTON, JUSTIN MARLOWE, DAVID S. T. MATKIN and MICHAEL HAYES
The Intersection of Flexible Budgeting and Cutback Management: Factors Affecting the Responses of Selected States to Recent Economic Recessions
by KENNETH A. KLASE
Vol. 11, No. 1
The Impact of Debt Management Policies on Borrowing Costs Incurred by U.S. State Governments
by HELISSE LEVINE
Financial Sustainability and Financial Viability in Australian Local Government
by BRIAN DOLLERY and BLIGH GRANT
Property Tax Administration in Francophone Africa: Structures, Challenges, and Progress
by NARA F. MONKAM
Book Review of Elżbieta Mączyńska (ed.), Poland’s Transition and its Future
by LIDIJA POLUTNIK
Vol. 10, No. 4
Symposium on Global Financial Crisis and Public Finances
Single Article: Elasticity of Taxable Income: An Introduction and Some Basic Analytics
by JOHN CREEDY
Symposium Introduction
by BHAJAN S. GREWAL and JIM BRUMBY
What Explains the Surge in Euro Area Sovereign Spreads During the Financial Crisis of 2007-09?
by MARIA-GRAZIA ATTINASI, CRISTINA CHECHERITA and CHRISTIANE NICKEL
The Impact of the Economic Crisis on the Fiscal Stance of Low Income Countries in the Commonwealth of Independent States
by MARTIN BROWNBRIDGE and SUDHARSHAN CANAGARAJAH
The Global Financial Crisis and Public Finances in the New EU Countries in Central and Eastern Europe: Developments and Challenges
by KARSTEN STAEHR
Announcement: External Referees 2010
by M. PETER VAN DER HOEK
Vol. 10, No. 3
Comparative Perspectives on the Relationship of Public Finance and Poverty
Introduction
by ROSS GITTELL
Poverty in U.S. Metropolitan Areas: What are the Key Determinants and What is the Role of Local Fiscal Structure?
by ROSS GITTELL and EDINALDO TEBALDI
Fiscal Incentives, Maquiladoras, and Local Standard of Living in Mexico Before and after NAFTA
by JULIO HUATO
Performance Budgeting in the U.S. Federal Government: History, Status and Future Implications
by L.R. JONES and JERRY L. MCCAFFERY
Diagnosing Performance Management and Performance Budgeting Systems: A Case Study of the U.S. Navy
by NATALIE J. WEBB and PHILIP J. CANDREVA
Vol. 10, No. 2
Symposium on Public Finance and the Environment
Introduction
by THOMAS ARONSSON
Feed-in-Tariffs for Electricity from Renewable Resource Energy to Move Down the Learning Curve
by ALBRECHT BLÄSI and TILL REQUATE
Climate Policy: Reaping an Additional Employment Dividend
by RONNIE SCHÖB
Optimal Taxation and Environmental Policy in a Decentralized Economic Federation with Environmental and Labor Market Externalities
by TOMAS SJÖGREN
Will Green Taxes Undermine Moral Motivation
by KARINE NYBORG
Internalized Contribution Norms and Learning in a Public Goods Experiment in Ghana
by WISDOM AKPALU and OLOF JOHANSSON-STENMAN
International Cooperation to Combat Climate Change
by ARJAN RUIS and AART DE ZEEUW
Vol. 10, No. 1
Fiscal Decentralization
Introduction
by BHAJAN S. GREWAL
Decentralization Measures Revisited
by JORGE MARTINEZ-VAZQUEZ and ANDREY TIMOFEEV
Fiscal Decentralization with Regional Redistribution and Risk Sharing
by MARIANNE VIGNEAULT
Incomplete Contracts and the Evolution of Canadian Federalism
by BHAJAN S. GREWAL
Fiscal Decentralization and the Quality of Public Services in Russian Regions
by LEV FREINKMAN and ALEXANDER PLEKHANOV
Effects of Fiscal Decentralization on Public Sector Growth in Austria
by JOHANN BRÖTHALER and MICHAEL GETZNER
Vol. 9, No. 4
Symposium on the Future and Past of EU Finances
Introduction
by LARS P. FELD and FRIEDRICH HEINEMANN
"Constrained Flexibility" as a Tool to Facilitate Reform of the EU Budget
by MARCO BUTI and MARIO NAVA
Funding the EU Budget: A Case for Inaction?
by IAIN BEGG
Refocusing the EU Budget -- An Institutional View
by CHARLES B. BLANKART and GERRIT B. KOESTER
Do Benevolent Aspects Have Room in Explaining EU Budget Receipts?
by HEIKKI KAUPPI and MIKA WIDGRÉN
Getting into the Game: Legislative Bargaining, Distributive Politics, and EU Enlargement
by DENIZ AKSOY and JONATHAN RODDEN
EU Budget Reform Options and the Common Pool Problem
by STEFFEN OSTERLOH, FRIEDRICH HEINEMANN, and PHILIPP MOHL
Announcement: External Referees 2009
by M. PETER VAN DER HOEK
Vol. 9, No. 3
SYMPOSIUM ON HETEROGENEITY AND PUBLIC POLICY, PART 2
Introduction to Part II
by STANLEY WINER
Consumption Versus Income Taxation: Three Moments in the Political Economy of Fiscal Choice
by STANLEY L. WINER, GEORGE WARSKETT and WALTER HETTICH
Voting on Labor-Market Integration and Education Policy when Citizens Differ in Mobility and Ability
by ALEXANDER HAUPT and SILKE UEBELMESSER
Heterogeneity, Voting, and Public Policy
by ADAM MARTIN and RICHARD E. WAGNER
SINGLE ARTICLE: Are there Economies of Scale in Municipal Government Expenditures?
by RANDALL G. HOLCOMBE and DEEDGRA W. WILLIAMS
SINGLE ARTICLE: Optimal Budget Rules: Making Government Spending Sustainable Through Present-Value Balance
by MICHAEL DOTHAN and FRED THOMPSON
Vol. 9, No. 2
SYMPOSIUM ON HETEROGENEITY AND PUBLIC POLICY
Introduction to Part I
by Stanley L. Winer
The Distributive Implications of Indivisible Goods
by Dan Usher
Income Inequality & Redistributional Spending: An Empirical Investigation of Competing Theories
by Philipp Mohl and Oliver Pamp
Strategic Consensus and Heterogeneous Voters when Voter Turnout Is Uncertain
by Toke S. Aidt and Jayasri Dutta
Tax Complexity with Heterogeneous Voters
by Emma Galli and Paola Profeta
Vol. 9, No. 1
Symposium on China’s Public Finances Part 2 China’s Public Finances: Decentralization, Poverty and Social Security
SINGLE ARTICLE: Exploring Sources of Local Government Technical Inefficiency: Evidence from Flemish Municipalities
by BENNY GEYS AND WIM MOESEN
Introduction: China’s Public Finances – Decentralization, Poverty and Social Security
by BHAJAN GREWAL
Community Development Funds: A New Vehicle for Poverty Alleviation in China?
by ENJIANG CHENG AND ROSA Y. LI
Enterprise Pensions in China: History and Challenges
by X. Y. ZHANG
Fiscal Decentralization in China and India: Competitive, Cooperative or Market Preserving Federalism?
by NIRVIKAR SINGH
Vol. 8, No. 4
Symposium on China’s Public Finances Part 1 Development Strategy, Revenues and Fiscal Transfers
Introduction: China’s Public Finances - Future Challenges and Opportunities
by BHAJAN GREWAL
Strategic Change and the Limits of Central Authority in China
by PETER SHEEHAN AND BHAJAN GREWAL
Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers for China’s Harmonious Society
by BHAJAN GREWAL
Tax Reform in China: Past Performance and Future Challenges
by GAO PEIYONG
The Dual Corporate Income Tax in China: The Impact of Unification
by SHUHONG KONG, ZHENZI LI AND M. PETER VAN DER HOEK
Announcement: External Referees 2008
by M. PETER VAN DER HOEK, EDITOR
Vol. 8, No. 3
HOW TO ACHIEVE FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY IN INDUSTRIALISED COUNTRIES
Introduction
by ANTÓNIO AFONSO AND LUDGER SCHUKNECHT
The political economy of delaying fiscal consolidation
by BORIS COURNÈDE
Assessing fiscal sustainability in the G-7 countries
by DAVID HAUNER, DANIEL LEIGH, AND MICHAEL SKAARUP
Global aging pressures: impact of fiscal adjustment, policy cooperation, and structural reforms
by DENNIS BOTMAN AND MANMOHAN S. KUMAR
A structural analysis of Italy’s fiscal policies after joining the European Monetary Union: are we learning from our past?
by MARIA ROSARIA MARINO, SANDRO MOMIGLIANO AND PIETRO RIZZA
101 proposals to reform the Stability and Growth Pact. Why so many? A review
by LARS JONUNG, MARTIN LARCH AND JONAS FISCHER
Vol. 8, No. 2
Welfare in the 21st Century
Introduction
by GIUSEPPE EUSEPI
The Idea of Welfare and the Welfare State
by ALAN HAMLIN
Polycentricity, Political Economy, and the Welfare State
by RICHARD E. WAGNER
Democracy, Debt and Disorder. Towards the End of Political “Generosity”
by GIUSEPPE EUSEPI AND LUISA GIURIATO
Inhibiting Institutional Inertia: Squaring Iron Triangles while Reforming Welfare
by MICHAEL REKSULAK
‘Motivation Spillover’: Tax Policy Designed to Mobilise Collective Action
by PHILIP JONES
Government Transfers and Inequality: An Anatomy of Political Failure
by J. R. CLARK AND DWIGHT R. LEE
Vol. 8, No. 1
Effects of “Democratic Control” on the Efficiency of Local Public Enterprises: Empirical Evidence for Water Suppliers in Eastern Germany
by PETER HAUG
Explaining Budgetary Indiscipline: Evidence from Spanish Municipalities
by IGNACIO LAGO-PEÑAS AND SANTIAGO LAGO-PEÑAS
Are Research and Development Tax Credits Effective? The Economic Impacts of a R&D Tax Credit in New Hampshire
by ROSS GITTELL AND EDINALDO TEBALDI
Vol. 7, No. 4
Why Should Governments Encourage Improvements in Infrastructure? Indirect Network Externality of Transaction Efficiency
by YEW-KWANG NG AND SIANG NG
Subsidies to Higher Education and Income-Tax Progression
by SALVATORE BARBARO
Taxing Owner-Occupied Housing: Comparing the Netherlands to Other European Union Countries
by M. PETER VAN DER HOEK AND SARAH E. RADLOFF
Book review of Bernard P. Herber, Protecting the Antarctic Commons. Problems of Economic Efficiency
by LAURA CASTELLUCCI
Vol. 7, No. 3
New Challenges for Defense, Security and the Public Finances
Introduction
by DEREK BRADDON
Valuing Defense
by RON SMITH
Public Sector Entrepreneurialism and the Production of Defense
by STEFAN MARKOWSKI and PETER HALL
Consolidating the Defense-Industrial Base in the Post-Cold War Era: Budgetary Priorities & Procurement Policies in the U.S. & Western Europe
by DAVID W. THORNTON
Vol. 7, No. 2
Financing and Homeland Security
Single Article: A Counterfactual Analysis of Fiscal Decentralization in Small Countries: The Case of Mauritius
by SHYAM NATH AND LARRY SCHROEDER
Introduction to the Symposium on “Financing and Homeland Security”
by PETER EISINGER
U.S. Cities and Homeland Security: Examining the Role of Financial Conditions and Administrative Capacity in Municipal Preparedness Efforts
by BRIAN J. GERBER, DAVID B. COHEN, KENDRA B. STEWART
Structuring Homeland Security Grants: Florida’s Local Finance Officials Evaluate the Funding Process
by KIKI CARUSON and SUSAN A. MACMANUS with the assistance of THOMAS A. WATSON
Vol. 7, No. 1
Government Spending
Introduction
by DARREL COHEN
An Analysis of Government Spending in the Frequency Domain
by DARREL COHEN
The Effects of Technology on the Age Distribution of Health Spending: A Cross-Country Perspective
by LOUISE SHEINER
Government Consumption Expenditures and the Current Account
by MICHELE CAVALLO
Vol. 6, No. 4
UK National Health Service
Introduction
by IAN GREENER
Introducing the Patient’s Friend? The Early Implementation of PALS in the NHS in England
by ROB BAGGOTT AND DAVID BUCHANAN
The Changing Context of Primary Care
by STEPHEN PECKHAM
The Changing Political Economy of the NHS
by CALUM PATON
Announcement: External Referees 2006
by M. PETER VAN DER HOEK, EDITOR
Vol. 6, No. 3
Sports and Public Finance
Introduction
by BRAD R. HUMPHREYS
Have Public Finance Principles Been Shut Out in Financing New Stadiums for the NFL?
by ROBERT A. BAADE AND VICTOR A. MATHESON
The Intangible Benefits of Sports Teams
by JEFFREY G. OWEN
Economic and Fiscal Impacts of Mega Sporting Events: A General Equilibrium Assessment
by JOHN R MADDEN
Public vs. Private Spending for Sports Facilities – The Case of Germany 2006
by LUCA REBEGGIANI
The Impact of New Stadiums on Professional Baseball Team Finances
by CRAIG A. DEPKEN, II
Vol. 6, No. 2
Public Debt Management
Introduction
by PATRICK J. COE
Using Financial Market Information to Enhance Canadian Fiscal Policy
by HUW LLOYD-ELLIS AND XIAODONG ZHU
Debt and Budget Surpluses with a Tax Habit and Balanced Budget Hawks
by ELENA LOUKOIANOVA AND SHAUN P. VAHEY
Borrowing Short- or Long-Term: Does the Government Really Face a Trade-off? A Stochastic Macro Framework for Public Debt Management
by PATRICK GEORGES
Government Debt Management in Europe: Recent Changes in Debt Managers’ Strategies
by GUIDO WOLSWIJK AND JAKOB DE HAAN
Vol. 6, No. 1
Housing and Public Finance
Introduction to ‘Housing’ Themed Issue
by KENNETH GIBB
Contextualizing Tiebout: Mobility, Municipalities and Methodology
by ALEX MARSH AND ADRIAN KAY
Wealth Effects and Price Volatility – How Vulnerable Are the Households?
by BENGT TURNER
Housing Benefit: Great Britain in Comparative Perspective
by PETER A KEMP
Changing Social Housing: Economic System Issues
by KENNETH GIBB AND DUNCAN MACLENNAN
Social Housing Investment without Public Finance: The Dutch Case
by VINCENT GRUIS AND NICO NIEBOER
Vol. 5, No. 4
Health Care Finance: An International Perspective
Introduction
by IAN GREENER
Fiscal Autonomy and Tax Morale: Evidence from Germany
by BENNO TORGLER AND JAN WERNER
The Reform of the NHS in Portugal
by CATARINA DIOGO
Why Some People Go Private and Others Do Not: Supplementary Health Insurance in Spain
by JOAN COSTA AND JOAN ROVIRA
Voluntary Supplementary Health Insurance in Denmark
by KJELD MØLLER PEDERSEN
Globalization and Health Care Financing in India: Some Emerging Issues
by GULJIT K. ARORA AND ANIL GUMBER
Challenges in the Regulation of Brazilian Private Health Insurance
by CARLOS OCTÁVIO OCKÉ-REIS
Announcement: External Referees 2005
by M. PETER VAN DER HOEK, EDITOR
Vol. 5, No. 3
Deregulation and Globalization
Editor’s Introduction
by AMLAN MITRA
Public Services and European Integration
by PASCAL DE LIMA AND BRUNO VENTELOU
Globalization and Taxation in the OECD: Evidence from a New Indicator of Integration
by AXEL DREHER
Productivity Growth in the Electric Power Industry: A Comparative Study of Japan, The United States and Korea
by CHIHARU KOBAYASHI
Deregulation of the Electric Utility Industry: An Empirical Study
by AMLAN MITRA
Stanislaw Rudolf (ED.), Emerging Markets: Social, Political, and Economic Challenges
by AXEL DREHER
Vol. 5, No. 2
Security in Old Age: Issues for Public Finance and Management
Coverage: The Real ‘Old Age Crisis’
by ROGER CHARLTON AND RODDY MCKINNON
Bridging the Coverage Gap: Issues and Questions for Social Security Administrations
by RODDY MCKINNON
Welfare in the European Union: Migrants in Old Age
by MAHMOOD MESSKOUB
Post-Socialist Pension Reform: Contributory and Non-Contributory Approaches
by KATHARINA MÜLLER
Securing Old Age: The Case for ‘Social’ Pensions in Developing Countries
by MARK GORMAN
Resources for Social Development
by ANTHONY CLUNIES-ROSS
Social Security Beyond Pension Reform
by ROGER CHARLTON
Vol. 5, No. 1
The Family in Public Finance
Introduction
by CATALINA AMUEDO-DORANTES AND JEAN KIMMEL
No Infant Left Behind: Public Finance Arguments for Mandated Leave and Income Support for Parents
by EILEEN TRZCINSKI
Taxing the ‘Family’ in the Individual Income Tax
by JAMES ALM AND MIKHAIL I. MELNIK
The Effect of Flexibility in Working Hours on Fertility: A Comparative Analysis of Selected European Countries
by ALFREDO ARIZA, SARA DE LA RICA AND ARANTZA UGIDOS
Postponement of Family Formation and Public Budget: An Explanation of Very Low Fertility in Spain
by LUIS GARRIDO AND MIGUEL ANGEL MALO
Parents Who Won’t Pay: Expected Parental Contributions and Postsecondary Schooling
by CHARLENE MARIE KALENKOSKI
Vol. 4, No. 4
Symposium on "Fiscal Federalism"
Fiscal Federalism, Editor’s Introduction
by MARIANNE VIGNEAULT
The Determinants of the Incidence of Intergovernmental Grants: A Survey of the International Experience
by JAMESON BOEX AND JORGE MARTINEZ-VAZQUEZ
Do Federal Transfers Stabilize Regional Government Revenues? Evidence from Australia and Canada
by PAUL BOOTHE AND IRYNA KRYVORUCHKO
Agglomeration, Population Size, and the Cost of Providing Public Services: An Empirical Analysis for German States
by THIESS BUETTNER, ROBERT SCHWAGER AND DAN STEGARESCU
Federal-Cantonal Equalization in Switzerland: An Overview of the Reform in Progress
by BERNARD DAFFLON
Understanding the Evolution of Constitutional Federalism: The Case of Australia
by BHAJAN GREWAL AND PETER SHEEHAN
Mobility, Secession and Discrimination
by MATTHIAS WREDE
Book Review of J. Patrick Gunning, “Understanding Democracy”
by SANTIAGO DÍAZ DE SARRALDE MIGUEZ
Announcement: External Referees 2004
by M. PETER VAN DER HOEK, EDITOR
Vol. 4, No. 3
Symposium on "Performance Management"
Performance Management as Administrative Reform: Is it Improving Government Performance?
by CAROLYN J. HEINRICH
Performance Management of U.S. Job Training Programs: Lessons from the Job Training Partnership Act
by BURT S. BARNOW AND JEFFREY A. SMITH
Benchmarking Performance
by PASCAL COURTY AND GERALD MARSCHKE
Improving Public Sector Performance Management: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back?
by CAROLYN J. HEINRICH
Principles for the Performance Management of Public Employment Services
by DAVID GRUBB
Does Administrative Reform Improve Bureaucratic Performance? A Cross Country Empirical Analysis
by GENE A. BREWER
Recovering from a Tidal Wave: New Directions for Performance Management in New Zealand’s Public Sector
by RICHARD NORMAN
Vol. 4, No. 2
E-Government Finance? A Linkage Between E-Government and Public Finance
Symposium Introduction
by JANE BECKETT-CAMARATA AND M. JAE MOON
Can Internet Sales be Taxed?
by C. RYAN SPARKS, MELANIE G. MCCOSKEY, PH.D., CPA AND JOHN M. ALVIS
Developing E-Procurement Systems: A Case Study on the Government E-Procurement Systems in Korea
by SI KYUNG SEONG AND JAE YONG LEE
Progress and Pitfalls of E-Budget Information
by DONIJO ROBBINS, PHD
Enacting E-Budgeting in Mexico (1)
by GABRIEL PURÓN CID AND J. RAMÓN GIL-GARCÍA
Creation and Successful Implementation of a new Budgeting and Accounting-System in Germany, with Stress on Electronic Tools (1)
by JUERGEN GORNAS
Vol. 4, No. 1
Symposium on Culture and Public Finance
Culture and Public Finance
by MICHAEL RUSHTON
Cultural Policies and Fiscal Federalism
by MICHAEL GETZNER
Dedicated Funding for Arts, Culture, and Science
by CHRISTINE R. MARTELL
Government Investment in Cultural Capital: A Methodology for Comparing Direct Government Support for the Arts in the U.S. and the U.K.
by GORDON E. SHOCKLEY
Vol. 3, No. 4
Symposium on Taxation in Transition Economies
Editor's Introduction
by ROBERT F. CONRAD
Taxation by State and Organized Crime: Harmony or Conflict?1
by MICHAEL ALEXEEV, ECKHARD JANEBA AND STEFAN OSBORNE
Fiscal Federalism in Russia: A Canadian Perspective
by RICHARD M. BIRD
Fiscal Federalism in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Subsidiarity and Solidarity in a Three-Nation State
by WILLIAM FOX AND CHRISTINE WALLICH
Post-crisis Fiscal Revenue Developments in Russia: From an Oil Perspective
by GOOHOON KWON
Measuring Tax Effort In Central and Eastern Europe
by JO BETH MERTENS
Referees 2003
by M. PETER VAN DER HOEK
Vol. 3, No. 3
Symposium on Local Economic Development, Part 2
Conceptualizing Local Economic Development: Part 2
by EDWARD J. BLAKELY
A Framework for Evaluating State-Assisted Financing Programs
by ROSS GITTELL AND FRED R. KAEN
Professional Sports Facilities, Franchises and Urban Economic Development
by DENNIS COATES AND BRAD R. HUMPHREYS
An Examination of the Effect of Taxation As An Incentive in Revitalizing Urban Local Economic Development in Elizabeth, New Jersey
by JANE BECKETT-CAMARATA
Enterprise Zones, Firm Attraction and Retention: A Study of the California Enterprise Zone Program
by WILLIAM S. MOORE
Book Review
by LAURENT GUIHÉRY
Vol. 3, No. 2
Symposium on Local Economic Development, Part 1
Conceptualizing Local Economic Development: Part 1
by EDWARD J. BLAKELY
Presidential Resource Support for IRCS and DRAS: A Principal-Agent Explanation
by CHRISTOPHER G. REDDICK
The New Wealth Package for Community Economic Development: Generating Value in Distressed Urban Communities
by EDWARD J. BLAKELY
Entrepreneurship: Between Sustainable Development and Reality
by VOJKO POTOCAN AND MATJAZ MULEJ
The ‘Art City’ as a Local Public Good: The Strategic Interplay Between Private Donors and Arts Organizations
by ANGELO ANTOCI, LUCA ZARRI AND PIER LUIGI SACCO
Book Review “Providing Global Public Goods: Managing Globalization”
by ROSS GITTELL
Vol. 3, No. 1
Symposium on Theory And Application Of Externality Taxes
Theory and Application of Externality Taxes: Editor’s Introduction
by IAN W.H. PARRY
Taxing Hazardous Waste: The U.S. Experience
by HILARY SIGMAN
Water Pollution Taxes: A Good Idea Doomed to Failure?
by JAMES BOYD
Managing Marine Capture Fisheries with Incentive Based Price Instruments
by JAMES N. SANCHIRICO
Taxes and Transport Externalities
by INGE MAYERES
Environmental Taxes in Europe
by THOMAS STERNER AND GUNNAR KÖHLIN
Environmental Taxes in Developing and Transition Economies
by RANDALL A. BLUFFSTONE
Vol. 2, No. 4
Public Finance and Education: A Symposium
Introduction
by DENNIS COATES, EDITOR
Does the Dropout Age Matter? How Mandatory Schooling Laws Impact High School Completion and School Choice
by JENNIE W. WENGER
School Finance Reform and Housing Values
by ERIC J. BRUNNER, JAMES MURDOCH AND MARK THAYER
School Performance Evaluation Using Data Envelopment Analysis
by DENNIS C. COATES AND DOUGLAS J. LAMDIN
Improving Health Care by Linking Risk Adjustment and Condition-Specific Quality Measurement
by HAROLD S. LUFT, PHD, R. ADAMS DUDLEY, MD, MBA, AND THE IMPROVING
Referees 2002
by M. PETER VAN DER HOEK
Vol. 2, No. 3
Symposium on Budget System Reform
Editor’s Introduction
by ROBERT M. MCNAB
The Strategy of Budget System Reform in Emerging Countries
by JACK DIAMOND
On the Use of Budgetary Norms as a Tool for Fiscal Management
by JAMES ALM AND JORGE MARTINEZ-VAZQUEZ
Assessing Options for Changing the Federal Government Budget Process
by L. R. JONES AND JERRY MCCAFFERY
A History of Revenue Forecasts
by MARK RIDER
The Strange Case of the Public Sector Wage Premium
by UGO PANIZZA
Vol. 2, No. 2
Symposium on Anti-Poverty Programs
Introduction
by MIGUEL GOUVEIA
The Impact of a “Minimum Guaranteed Income Program” in Portugal
by MIGUEL GOUVEIA AND CARLOS FARINHA RODRIGUES
Vol. 2, No. 1
Public Enterprises And Privatization In East Asia: Paths, Politics and Prospects
by ANTHONY B. L. CHEUNG
Transformation And Future of Public Enterprises In Continental Western Europe
by JAN-ERIK LANE
Public Enterprise And Privatization In A New Century: Evolving Patterns Of Governance and Public Management
by ROGER WETTENHALL AND IAN THYNNE
Globalization, Privatization And The Future Of Modern Governance: A Critical Assessment
by ALI FARAZMAND
Turn-of-the-Century Change in New Zealand’s Public Enterprises
by PETER MCKINLAY
Challenges For Latin American States And Public Enterprises At The Turn Of The New Millennium
by JOSE GPE. VARGAS HERNANDEZ
Vol. 1, No. 4
Does A Flat Rate individual Income Tax Reduce Tax Progressivity? A Simulation For The Netherlands
by KOEN CAMINADA AND KEES GOUDSWAARD
Prior Financial Performance As A Predictor Of Perceived Organizational Reputation: An Empirical Examination Among Local Authorities In Israel
by ABRAHAM CARMELI
An Evaluation Of Social Insurance Savings Accounts
by STEFAN FÖLSTER
An Economic Assessment Of German Fiscal Equalization Schemes Since 1970: What Prospects For A Unified Germany?
by LAURENT GUIHÉRY
Analysis Of The Decentralization Of Public Spending In Spain
by JUAN-CARLOS MOLERO
The Changing Determinants Of State Expenditure In The United States: 1965-1992
by GARY PAINTER AND KWI-HEE BAE
Referees 20021
by M. PETER VAN DER HOEK
Vol. 1, No. 3
Sypmosium on Public Finance and Ethics
Introduction
by ROBERT W. MCGEE
New Subjectivist Economic Theory and Public Finance
by J. PATRICK GUNNING
The Calculus of Consent Revisited
by WALTER BLOCK AND THOMAS J. DILORENZO
Government Financial Management Reforms: Slouching Towards the Sublime
by ADRIAN T. MOORE
Dissolving the Problem of Public Goods: Financing Government without Coercive Methods
by TIBOR R. MACHAN
The Ethics of Taxation
by FRED E. FOLDVARY
Some Ethical Problems with Using Public Finance as a Tool for Social Engineering
by ROBERT W. MCGEE
Vol. 1, No. 2
Symposium on Public Capital
The Effects of Public Capital
by RAYMOND G. BATINA
Output and Employment Effects of Public Capital
by DAVID ALAN ASCHAUER
The Efficiency of Disaggregate Public Capital Provision in Japan
by TOSHIHIRO IHORI AND HIROKI KONDO
Public Infrastructure Impacts on U.S. Agricultural Production: A State-Level Panel Analysis of Costs and Netput Composition
by CATHERINE J. MORRISON PAUL, V. ELDON BALL, RONALD G. FELTHOVEN AND RICHARD NEHRING
Convergence of Public Capital Investment Among the United States, 1977-1996
by CHRIS ANNALA AND STEPHEN J. PEREZ
The Impact of Public Infrastructure Capital on the Private Sector of the Netherlands: An Application of the Symmetric Generalized Mcfadden Cost Function
by JAN-EGBERT STURM
Public Investment and Private Sector Performance – International Evidence
by ALFREDO M. PEREIRA
Vol. 1, No. 1
EMU: Fiscal Policy with a Stability and Growth Pact
Introducing a New Journal
by M. PETER VAN DER HOEK
Editor's Introduction
by JÜRGEN VON HAGEN
The Stability Pact and Inefficiencies in Fiscal Policy Making in EMU
by KARI E.O. ALHO
Setting Medium-Term Fiscal Targets in the EMU(*)
by MICHAEL J. ARTIS AND MARCO BUTI
Optimal Debt Management with a Stability and Growth Pact
by ALESSANDRO MISSALE
Entry and Exit Dynamics of ‘Excessive Deficits’ in the European Union
by ALI H. BAYAR
